REG670Working principle of ultrasonic sensor
Ultrasonic sensors work on the principle of sound wave reflection in physics. It works like a radar system, but instead of electromagnetic waves, it uses sound waves with frequencies higher than the range of human hearing (usually above 20kHz, typically around 40kHz). It emits high-frequency ultrasonic pulses (usually in the frequency range of 30kHz to 480kHz) through a built-in piezoelectric ceramic or magnetostrictive material, and these sound waves travel through the air at a constant speed, reflecting off objects and returning to the receiver inside the sensor. According to the arrival time of the echo signal and the known speed of sound, the sensor can accurately calculate the distance and position information of the target object.
Specific process:
Emission phase: The sensor first converts electrical energy into high-frequency mechanical vibrations, which generate and emit ultrasonic pulses.
Propagation phase: These sound waves travel in a straight line through a medium (such as air or liquid) at a specific speed and are reflected when they encounter obstacles.
Receiving stage: When the emitted ultrasonic wave meets the target object and refREG670lects back, the sensor receives this part of the returned acoustic signal.
Processing stage: By calculating the time difference between the ultrasonic wave from transmission to reception, combined with the known speed of sound, the distance between the sensor and the target object can be accurately determined.
Classification and working characteristics of ultrasonic sensors
The working mode of the ultrasonic sensor is divided into three types: diffuse reflection type, reflector type and mirror reflection type
Diffuse ultrasonic sensor/mode of operation
After the sensor is powered on, it will continue to emit ultrasonic waves, and when an object is near, the ultrasonic waves emitted will be returned to the sensor, thus output a response signal.
Diffuse reflection type ultrasonic sensor/features
Transmit and receive in one, easy to install
The object to be measured is equivalent to a reflector and needs to be aligned
The dual output model has a window output function for foreground and backgrouREG670nd suppression
The switching frequency is low, below 10Hz, which is suitable for detecting objects with slow running speed
Beam type ultrasonic sensor/mode of operation
The beam type sensor is divided into the transmitting end and the receiving end. When the sensor works, the ultrasonic wave emitted by the transmitting end will be received by the receiving end. When an object is near, the ultrasonic wave emitted by the transmitting end will be blocked, and the receiving end will output a response signal.
